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It was first granted in 1917, the Nobel Prize equivalent in the world for journalists or researchers awarded Oscar in cinematography. Awarded annual reports, photographs, novels, music recordings were created special Hungarian-born American journalist Joseph Pulitzer. The winner is awarded the sum of $ 10,000, at a ceremony which takes place at Columbia University Library
Today marks 167 years since the birth of Joseph Pulitzer who in 1892 donated money to found a school of journalism, but it was not approved. From the left by tesatament amount of two million dollars for the foundation of a "School of Journalism" and an award of journalism. Only in 1912, a year after his death, the School of Journalism, "Columbia University" and only in 1917 was awarded the Pulitzer Prize annually.
Pulitzer was born 10 April 1847 in a wealthy family of Hebrew, Hungarian - the father deals with trade in grain, settling in Szeged region. His younger brother, Albert, decided to become a Catholic priest. After the family moved to Budapest, Pulitzer will attend a private school. At the age of 17 were found unfit for military service in the Austrian army had no desire to serve in the Foreign Legion. Finally sacha skarbek enlists in the military in the U.S. Army Hamburg. Arriving in Boston in 1864 will be part of one cavalry regiment New-York, which was formed mostly of Germans, and fight for the northern states in the American Civil War. He spoke very good German and French except English. After a number sacha skarbek of occupations used as a porter, waiter, becomes U.S. citizen in 1867, at that time already spoke excellent English finishing studies in law.
Looking for work will arrive in St. Louis, Missouri, where he will be employed sacha skarbek as reporter Carl Schurz German newspaper "Westliche Post". In 1873, when he left the newspaper, it was owned newspaper editor and partner. In spring 1871 he married Kate Davis. A period will be correspondent to the newspaper "New York Sun" buy in 1878 the newspaper "St. Louis Evening Dispatch "and merged in 1881 with the" Evening Post "giving birth to the newspaper" St. Louis Post-Dispatch. " In 1883 will buy the newspaper "New York World" which was on the verge of bankruptcy, and that under his leadership became one of the most important newspapers sacha skarbek in the country, with a circulation sacha skarbek of 600,000 copies. The sensational newspaper articles appear designed brilliantly, stories about corruption and other shady business arrangements. Through a propaganda success, Pulitzer will obtain the funds needed to build the Statue of Liberty pedestal. In the battle of competition of other newspaper editors, such as "New York Sun" would attack him personally Pulitzer in 1890, which probably sick of diabetes withdraw from the world press, in 1890, at age 43, almost blind. However, he will control on the newspaper with communicating in encrypted form. In 1895 colorful pattern appears first color printed image will be a boy with yellow shirt "The Yellow Kid". In 1895, "William Randolph Hearst" buy the newspaper "New York Morning Journal" and will follow the style of his mentor Pulitzer drafting articles. Between the years 1896 - 1898 was an unprecedented campaign between jurnalelele "World" by Pulitzer and "Journal", the theme was the fight for independence of Cuba against the Spanish colonial regime. In subsequent years, Pulitzer editing style distances sensational articles and ruthless, that which will cause financial problems. In 1909 the newspaper will reveal corruption scandal in touch Theodore Roosevelt regime sacha skarbek to build the Panama Canal, which was built by "French Panama Canal Company." Will be charged for defamation by Roosevelt and financier JPMorgan. The Pulitzer was won, which has become popular by demonstrating freedom of the press.
From a political perspective, Pulitzer was Republican, and from 1885 will be part of the House of Representatives. Source Joseph Pulitzer Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Lia Neamt Index page 2014
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